Engineer Ethics Essay

The roles of engineers are respectively wide. Amongst the major responsibilities for engineers are design, construction supervision, consultation, project procurement, commissioning and management etc. Engineers are responsible to give the highest regard to his profession and conduct himself with integrity when executing his task. For example a good design solution would have to include two important aspects namely design adequacy and cost effectiveness. In addition, engineers have obligation to generate design solutions that are environmental friendly at the same time meeting the demanding requirements of client. Engineers have a duty of care to the environment, society and to their valuable customers or clients. They would have to generate design that fulfill the design clauses in the engineering codes of design, meeting the requirements by the various Governmental Departments and incorporate design solutions that are environmental friendly which induce minimum negative impacts to the surrounding environment and society. Besides, engineers would have to take into consideration the cost implication of their design solution to their clients. This has caused great dilemma in engineers, as they have to balance cost implication of the design solution with other factors such as quality, efficiency and various socio-economy factors. In the context of a developing country like Malaysia, in some cases, clients however have different mindset from that of the engineers. Clients are more concern about the cost implication of the generated design solution; they are more interested in design solution that is cost effective and yet fulfills the minimum design requirements by the Government. In this respect, clients would normally opt for design solutions that are cost effective, that stay within their budget. Some clients would incorporate project budget that is far inadequate which requires the engineers to sacrifice the quality and long-term efficiencies aspects in their design solution. This has obviously contradicted with the engineers’ interests of incorporating optimum design that would guarantee long-term efficiencies and easy maintenance. In addition, a not-up-to the standards design solution that obviously with an associated lower construction cost would mean that the engineer would be getting a much lesser consultation fees in view that the engineering fees are normally proportional to the cost expenditure of the project. However these two factors, namely the cost factors and quality are normally indirectly roportional to one another. This has made the engineers’ life extremely tough and difficult. Engineers are constantly wondering if they should go for expensive design solution that would definitely give both long-term efficient operations and maintenance and most importantly getting a higher professional fees, or go for an ‘ok’ design solution that might not be able to guarantee the quality aspects of the project and yet getting a lower professional fees. In view of the dilemma that engineers are constantly encountering in balancing capital expenditure with optimum design for efficient operations and maintenance, engineers should by all means combine both the design and cost aspects in the process of generating design solutions for their clients. Engineers should not produce a cheap design solution that does not comply with the relevant code of practices with the purpose just to please their valuable clients, hoping for more projects. Neither should they generate expensive design, ignore the cost implication of that particular design and with the purpose to obtain higher professional fee.

Indigenous Art, Music and Dance Essay

Imaginative, artistic, captivating and breathe taking are a few words to describe the true beauty of Indigenous Australian art, music and dance. These three aspects of the Indigenous culture are also part of the Torres Strait Island culture who â€Å"together make up 2. 4% of the Australian population† (Macklin, 2004). These people express their personal experiences and the Indigenous Australian history through art work, dance and song. For example, an art piece may be about the creation of the land. Music can interpret the sounds of the animals or the hunters and the dance be interpreted to the stealing of their children through the stolen generation period. Examine: Art: Art is an important part of the Indigenous culture as it has been passed on for generations. It is an important part of the culture because its emphasised on certain aspects on their history. For example, the dot paintings have been part of the Indigenous Australians paintings history for thousands of years (Atkinson, 2008). Also, we must take into consideration that Indigenous Australian â€Å"art is the oldest ongoing tradition of art in the world†(Clarity Communications, 2007). Thus making their art a treausred part of Autsralian culture. Other paintings that we see are rock carvings, body painting when the Indigenous people would have a ceremonies. All these art forms date back more than 30,000years (Clarity Communications, 2007). The art work today is produced in a different variety but each piece of art work still shows the importance, diversity and richness of the Indigenous culture. Different art works can tell different stories. These stories could be about the stolen generation, the hunting, the land dying, the white people settling, the death of and elder or a close relative and the journey through an elders eyes. Elders used dot paintings and other paintings such as mimi art which is an art about animals, humans and are normally stick figures have no flesh. There is also x-ray art, a traditional style of art that is shown through the fragile bone and showing the flesh inside the body. Rock art is another type of Indigenous art as it one of the most common styles (Banakeem, 2012). It is done by carving the painting or â€Å"figures† into the rock or wall. Body art is also a form of Indigenous art as â€Å"body painting is passed out within strict conventions that are primarily connected to spiritual matters†(Banakeem, 2012). This piece of art work dates back to the early 20thCenturary and we can analyse what this picture could mean by viewing the following keys; Below are the keys; Meeting place Tavel Message Communities Man Woman We are looking st these key features because in groups of 3 or 4, you are to draw a piece of indigenous art using the keys on the PowerPoint. Remeber e h symbol you ise must create a story. You are to tell a story. As you can see, the making of the art can be fun but its never an easy task. As we have supplied you with the materials, the art was gathered from clay or orches. In saying this, we can still enjoy the rich culture of our paintings, the Indigenous paintings. Dance: Dance was formed by the earliest Indigenous Australians and has been past down from many generations (Smitz, 2005). Dance is important to us now as we can look at different ways to move, tell a story and be told a story. The movements vary compared to the movements we see in ballet, jazz or hip hop. The movements aren’t necessarily the jumping around and crawling on the floor- they include their instruments as well. This gathers in the: Hollow log drum Sticks Slap sticks Skin drum These styles of movement include some of the musical instruments such as the the slap sticks, which are boomerangs being hit together, skin drums which is using your own body to make a sound, hollow log drums which are a drummed shaped and sticks which are used to hit against the body or can be used to hit against a hard object, for example, a tree or a rock (Smitz, 2005). To incorporate these instruments into the dance was to add another beat so then the â€Å"imitated bird or animals, could be shared† (Chee, 2012). It is known that â€Å"songs and dance were exchanged often at large ceremonial gatherings† (Atkinson, 2008). Often, the indigenous culture would perform to a higher standard to please the guest tribe or to please the elders or spirits (Atkinson, 2008). Throughout these dancers, the elders would come together and analyse the performance and judge this event either themselves, by a spirit or by the tribes. These tribes would be respectful in the decision and teach the â€Å"winning† tribe the dance that they had won or traded. Music: Music is an important aspect of the Indigenous culture as they use it as inspiration for a painting, the background noise for a tribal chant and for ceremonial reasons. The music that is most commonly heard is the didgeridoo. Th didgeridoo creates a sound when you use your mouth, lips, nose and cheeks. Smitz (2005) states that the didgeridoo is a musical instrument used for the conducting of ceremonies, â€Å"however,the didgeridoo is played by a man and it women at ceremonies† (Smitz, 2005). This means that at ceremonies, the didgeridoo should only be played by men and not women. However, music was to be listened, and play by men, women and children. It was used to create tribe chants, musical backgrounds for a story Music was also used by both men’s and women to create a tribe chants, musical backgrounds for elder stories and for religious purposes. The music brings an important part of the culture to a tip. The didgeridoo is the main component to completing the music for any Indigenous piece of music. When ceremonies occur, there is tradintionally one song and two piece of music because the tribes need to appreciate the elder or elders. The song is the next step bringing the tribe or tribes together through the tribes ceremonial song or chant. This is normally done towards the start of the ceremonies (Atkinson, 2008). Summarise: To summarise, art, music and danced are important aspects of the indigenous culture. The art that is created by the Indgienous Australians tells a story. These stories are about the last, present and future. The Conflicting modification on 13 March 2013 7:16:41 AM: Describe: Imaginative, artistic, captivating and breathe taking are a few words to describe the true beauty of Indigenous Australian art, music and dance. These three aspects of the Indigenous culture are also part of the Torres Strait Island culture who â€Å"together make up 2. 4% of the Australian population† (Macklin, 2004). These people express their personal experiences and the Indigenous Australian history through art work, dance and song. For example, an art piece may be about the creation of the land. Music can interpret the sounds of the animals or the hunters and the dance be interpreted to the stealing of their children through the stolen generation period. Examine: Art: Art is an important part of the Indigenous culture as it has been passed on for generations. It is an important part of the culture because its emphasised on certain aspects on their history. For example, the dot paintings have been part of the Indigenous Australians paintings history for thousands of years (Atkinson, 2008). Also, we must take into consideration that Indigenous Australian â€Å"art is the oldest ongoing tradition of art in the world†(Clarity Communications, 2007). Thus making their art a treausred part of Autsralian culture. Other paintings that we see are rock carvings, body painting when the Indigenous people would have a ceremonies. All these art forms date back more than 30,000years (Clarity Communications, 2007). The art work today is produced in a different variety but each piece of art work still shows the importance, diversity and richness of the Indigenous culture. Different art works can tell different stories. These stories could be about the stolen generation, the hunting, the land dying, the white people settling, the death of and elder or a close relative and the journey through an elders eyes. Elders used dot paintings and other paintings such as mimi art which is an art about animals, humans and are normally stick figures have no flesh. There is also x-ray art, a traditional style of art that is shown through the fragile bone and showing the flesh inside the body. Rock art is another type of Indigenous art as it one of the most common styles (Banakeem, 2012). It is done by carving the painting or â€Å"figures† into the rock or wall. Body art is also a form of Indigenous art as â€Å"body painting is passed out within strict conventions that are primarily connected to spiritual matters†(Banakeem, 2012). This piece of art work dates back to the early 20thCenturary and we can analyse what this picture could mean by viewing the following keys; Below are the keys; Meeting place Tavel Message Communities Man Woman We are looking st these key features because in groups of 3 or 4, you are to draw a piece of indigenous art using the keys on the PowerPoint. Remeber e h symbol you ise must create a story. You are to tell a story. As you can see, the making of the art can be fun but its never an easy task. As we have supplied you with the materials, the art was gathered from clay or orches. In saying this, we can still enjoy the rich culture of our paintings, the Indigenous paintings. Dance: Dance was formed by the earliest Indigenous Australians and has been past down from many generations (Smitz, 2005). Dance is important to us now as we can look at different ways to move, tell a story and be told a story. The movements vary compared to the movements we see in ballet, jazz or hip hop. The movements aren’t necessarily the jumping around and crawling on the floor- they include their instruments as well. This gathers in the, skin drum, hollow log drum, slap sticks and sticks. These styles of movement include some of the musical instruments such as the the slap sticks, which are boomerangs being hit together, skin drums which is using your own body to make a sound, hollow log drums which are a drummed shaped and sticks which are used to hit against the body or can be used to hit against a hard object, for example, a tree or a rock (Smitz, 2005). To incorporate these instruments into the dance was to add another beat so then the â€Å"imitated bird or animals, could be shared† (Chee, 2012). It is known that â€Å"songs and dance were exchanged often at large ceremonial gatherings† (Atkinson, 2008). Often, the indigenous culture would perform to a higher standard to please the guest tribe or to please the elders or spirits (Atkinson, 2008). Throughout these dancers, the elders would come together and analyse the performance and judge this event either themselves, by a spirit or by the tribes. These tribes would be respectful in the decision and teach the â€Å"winning† tribe the dance that they had won or traded. Music: Music is an important aspect of the Indigenous culture as they use it as inspiration for a painting, the background noise for a tribal chant and for ceremonial reasons. The music that is most commonly heard is the didgeridoo. Th didgeridoo creates a sound when you use your mouth, lips, nose and cheeks. Smitz (2005) states that the didgeridoo is a musical instrument used for the conducting of ceremonies, â€Å"however,the didgeridoo is played by a man and it women at ceremonies† (Smitz, 2005). This means that at ceremonies, the didgeridoo should only be played by men and not women. However, music was to be listened, and play by men, women and children. It was used to create tribe chants, musical backgrounds for a story Music was also used by both men’s and women to create a tribe chants, musical backgrounds for elder stories and for religious purposes. The music brings an important part of the culture to a tip. The didgeridoo is the main component to completing the music for any Indigenous piece of music. When ceremonies occur, there is tradintionally one song and two piece of music because the tribes need to appreciate the elder or elders. The song is the next step bringing the tribe or tribes together through the tribes ceremonial song or chant. This is normally done towards the start of the ceremonies (Atkinson, 2008). Summarise: To summarise, art, music and danced are important aspects of the indigenous culture. The art that is created by the Indigenous Australians tells a story. These stories are about the past, present and future. Dance is used to intimidate animals or other people to tells us a story and when music is played, it’s normally the didgeridoo whether its for ceremonial reasons or for other purposes. Conflicting modification on 13 March 2013 7:35:01 AM: Describe: Imaginative, artistic, captivating and breathe taking are a few words to describe the true beauty of Indigenous Australian art, music and dance. These three aspects of the Indigenous culture are also part of the Torres Strait Island culture who â€Å"together make up 2. 4% of the Australian population† (Macklin, 2004). These people express their personal experiences and the Indigenous Australian history through art work, dance and song. For example, an art piece may be about the creation of the land. Music can interpret the sounds of the animals or the hunters and the dance be interpreted to the stealing of their children through the stolen generation period. Examine: Art: Art is an important part of the Indigenous culture as it has been passed on for generations. It is an important part of the culture because its emphasised on certain aspects on their history. For example, the dot paintings have been part of the Indigenous Australians paintings history for thousands of years (Atkinson, 2008). Also, we must take into consideration that Indigenous Australian â€Å"art is the oldest ongoing tradition of art in the world†(Clarity Communications, 2007). Thus making their art a treausred part of Autsralian culture. Other paintings that we see are rock carvings, body painting when the Indigenous people would have a ceremonies. All these art forms date back more than 30,000years (Clarity Communications, 2007). The art work today is produced in a different variety but each piece of art work still shows the importance, diversity and richness of the Indigenous culture. Different art works can tell different stories. These stories could be about the stolen generation, the hunting, the land dying, the white people settling, the death of and elder or a close relative and the journey through an elders eyes. Elders used dot paintings and other paintings such as mimi art which is an art about animals, humans and are normally stick figures have no flesh. There is also x-ray art, a traditional style of art that is shown through the fragile bone and showing the flesh inside the body. Rock art is another type of Indigenous art as it one of the most common styles (Banakeem, 2012). It is done by carving the painting or â€Å"figures† into the rock or wall. Body art is also a form of Indigenous art as â€Å"body painting is passed out within strict conventions that are primarily connected to spiritual matters†(Banakeem, 2012). This piece of art work dates back to the early 20thCenturary and we can analyse what this picture could mean by viewing the following keys; Below are the keys; Meeting place Tavel Message Communities Man Woman We are looking st these key features because in groups of 3 or 4, you are to draw a piece of indigenous art using the keys on the PowerPoint. Remeber e h symbol you ise must create a story. You are to tell a story. As you can see, the making of the art can be fun but its never an easy task. As we have supplied you with the materials, the art was gathered from clay or orches. In saying this, we can still enjoy the rich culture of our paintings, the Indigenous paintings. Dance: Dance was formed by the earliest Indigenous Australians and has been past down from many generations (Smitz, 2005). Dance is important to us now as we can look at different ways to move, tell a story and be told a story. The movements vary compared to the movements we see in ballet, jazz or hip hop. The movements aren’t necessarily the jumping around and crawling on the floor- they include their instruments as well. This gathers in the: Hollow log drum Sticks Slap sticks Skin drum These styles of movement include some of the musical instruments such as the the slap sticks, which are boomerangs being hit together, skin drums which is using your own body to make a sound, hollow log drums which are a drummed shaped and sticks which are used to hit against the body or can be used to hit against a hard object, for example, a tree or a rock (Smitz, 2005). To incorporate these instruments into the dance was to add another beat so then the â€Å"imitated bird or animals, could be shared† (Chee, 2012). It is known that â€Å"songs and dance were exchanged often at large ceremonial gatherings† (Atkinson, 2008). Often, the indigenous culture would perform to a higher standard to please the guest tribe or to please the elders or spirits (Atkinson, 2008). Throughout these dancers, the elders would come together and analyse the performance and judge this event either themselves, by a spirit or by the tribes. These tribes would be respectful in the decision and teach the â€Å"winning† tribe the dance that they had won or traded. Music: Music is an important aspect of the Indigenous culture as they use it as inspiration for a painting, the background noise for a tribal chant and for ceremonial reasons. The music that is most commonly heard is the didgeridoo. Th didgeridoo creates a sound when you use your mouth, lips, nose and cheeks. Smitz (2005) states that the didgeridoo is a musical instrument used for the conducting of ceremonies, â€Å"however,the didgeridoo is played by a man and it women at ceremonies† (Smitz, 2005). This means that at ceremonies, the didgeridoo should only be played by men and not women. However, music was to be listened, and play by men, women and children. It was used to create tribe chants, musical backgrounds for a story Music was also used by both men’s and women to create a tribe chants, musical backgrounds for elder stories and for religious purposes. The music brings an important part of the culture to a tip. The didgeridoo is the main component to completing the music for any Indigenous piece of music. When ceremonies occur, there is tradintionally one song and two piece of music because the tribes need to appreciate the elder or elders. The song is the next step bringing the tribe or tribes together through the tribes ceremonial song or chant. This is normally done towards the start of the ceremonies (Atkinson, 2008). Summarise: To summarise, art, music and danced are important aspects of the indigenous culture. The art that is created by the Indigenous Australians tells a story. These stories are about the past, present and future. Music is part.

Why Does Plato Argue That Rulers Must Be Philosophers?

Within this essay I Intend to examine Plates reasoning and justification for his belief in philosopher rulers and question whether they are, in fact, the best people to govern society. The current democratic method of organization of the â€Å"polis† was not suitable for Plato as he considered ruling far too vital a role in society to be left to the untrained. Instead, it should be left to those who have the knowledge and more crucially, the wisdom required to comprehend such a task.It Is, however, at this point, we should consider that a significant factor In Plat's opposition to democracy was that the Athenian democracy had condemned Socrates o death. It is important to remember that the liberal democracy which we currently experience is very recent and not at all the concept of democracy that Plato speaks. In fact, the idea of all adults over the age of 18 being able to vote would indeed be absurd to someone such as Plato.The democracy, of which he speaks, would be of great er equivalence to a modern day referendum, In which all those eligible to vote gather to debate and eventually vote. Plato thus set out to craft a new structural form for the polls, in simple, an Ideal society. This constituted three general social lasses and indirectly three separate polio's within the whole Solipsism. At the lowest end of this, was the â€Å"producers†, although Plato pays little attention to this class, it compromises people who were engaged in economic activities, such as, farmers and manufacturers.Although of no political importance, they served the crucial function of providing the economic and material requirements of the community. Primarily, Plato places them as obedient workers under the control of the axillaries. This constitutes the first polls, â€Å"one In which money lovers, and only money lovers are made as happy as possible† (Reeve C. D. C IPPP 1984), and thus becomes a â€Å"luxurious polis† (Plato The Republic IPPP e). The sec ond level on Plates ideal society was that of the auxiliaries.It was the auxiliaries who, in current times, would complete the actions of the military civil service and public offices I. E. Police. Consequently, it was their occupation to enact the decisions made by the ruling class. It would be from the elite of the auxiliaries that a philosopher guardian would emerge, as they had worked their way through the education and training. Therefore, this emerges as the second polis in which â€Å"unnecessary appetites† (Reeve C. D. C IPPP 1984) are removed this is the part of the Solipsism in which honor-lovers are made as happy as possible. (Reeve C. D. C IPPP 1984) However, it must be pointed out that the auxiliaries also shared this second polis with the guardians who were not chosen as â€Å"pensioner Kilns. † Hymnal, It was ten Guardians won were let at ten top AT ten society, as the rulers. This was the elite group above the rest of society, only those who completed a ll the statutes laid out during their training would be able to become a recognized philosopher guardian at the age of 50. These would be the people who had a true understanding of the forms and ultimately, of what is good ND Just.With this Plato has set out his â€Å"dodos† for the ideal society and his belief that those most suited to govern this society were his â€Å"Philosopher Kings† who were chosen from this Guardian class. It is at this point, that I believe we must further engage with what in fact it means to be a philosopher, and how you reach such a position. Plato sets an initial screening process, â€Å"the one who is willing to taste every kind if learning with gusto, and who turns to learning with enthusiasm, and cannot get enough of it, he is the one we shall rightly call a philosopher. (Plato The Republic 474 c) â€Å"Those who have reached that goal are philosopher kings at last. The polis over which they rule, and which contains the elaborate educa tional apparatus necessary to reliably produce them, is the third polis. † (Reeve C. D. C. P 195, 1984). During Plat's explanation of his philosopher-king, he uses three analogies, the sun, the line and finally the cave, in order to depict the reason for the philosopher's irreplaceable role in politics.The central element in each of these is the concept of the forms. In my opinion, Plato most aptly explains the transition to a philosopher with his simile of the cave. Plato classes this as â€Å"the enlightenment or ignorance of our human condition† (Plato The Republic IPPP a). The allegory of the cave is to illustrate that the philosopher is the one who sees things as they really are. The philosopher is able to see the truth, whereas, the masses see, merely, shadows.The arduous process of education which draws the philosopher from the state of ignorance and belief to the enlightened state of knowledge and wisdom is comparable with the difficult Journey from a dark cave up a long path to the open light of the sun. Whilst explaining the Journey of the philosopher's education he also attempts to show why it is that the masses reject the philosopher once their knowledge has been gained. Primarily, Plato says that the philosopher is misunderstood by the ignorant masses and that the knowledge which they attempt to impart threatens the beliefs of their UN-enlightened minds.It is clear upon examination of Plat's society, that it is indubitably a totalitarian regime; however, this point must be critically examined as it is clear that there are distinct and separate ways to critique this point. Naturally, there are those who would say that the restriction of freedom from a dictatorial power is inherently wrong. Conversely, though it must be considered that restriction of freedom for the good of people is no bad thing. In theory a system which imposes â€Å"The Good† on all people, would be one which benefits all and enhances the chance of maximum hum an development and freedom from evil. Until philosophers rule as kings, or those who are now called kings and leading men genuinely and adequately philosophies, that is, until political power, authority and philosophy entirely coincide, while the many natures who at present pursue either one exclusively are forcibly prevented from doing so, cities will eve no rest from evils,†¦ Nor, I think, will the human race. † (Simon Blackburn IPPP c- D 2006) Obviously the counter argument to that and the very basis of Plat's critics, is that whether human nature being as it is, would ever allow it in reality?Especially when compared Walt previous totalitarian regimes, experience Allocates Tanat teen have rarely brought good to the majority, and predominantly have indeed brought the opposite. In reality, it could be argued that there has been a historical dominance of state dictatorships in comparison with the relatively recent liberal democracies. Citizens who are raised within the l iberal western tradition are taught to be convinced of the faultlessness of democracy and thus find it challenging to comprehend that any other system could be better, or even to see the weaknesses in democracy.Due to the inability to acknowledge the failings of democracy, Plato creates two illustrations to depict them; these are the similes of the beast and the ship. Plato utterly rejects two common modes of thought in democratic societies, Just because everyone believes it to be true and good does not make it so, and that Just cause someone is a convincing speaker and persuades the masses to his view – it does not mean he is speaking the truth or that his ideas are good. The foundation of these illustrations is that the Philosophers simply know â€Å"The Good†.Plat's debate is clearly rejecting some of the foundational ideas within Democracy. Within the simile of the beast, the large and powerful animal in this story is the general population who make up the democrac y. In this tale, Plato is depicting a clear division between, what the majority like and think is good, what pleases them, and unbeknown to them, what actually is â€Å"The Good†. The Good (I. E. The dodos or form of the good) is good whether people think it is good or not. The Good is the predetermined standard against which the pleasures and desires of the masses must be Judged to determine whether they are good or bad.Plato is saying that the Sophists of his time were merely concerned with remaining in power and thus would bow to the appeasement of the masses that were ill educated. Fiscal and devoid of the knowledge of what is truly important in life and were subsequently unfit to rule the polis. They were no more than manipulators and responders to popular opinion without any standard tit which to work. The Sophists were relativists. For them ‘good' meant no more than what the people want, what will keep them happy, and what society thinks are good.This approach to politics is recognizable within the contemporary use of opinion polls and pressure groups. â€Å"All those individuals who make their living by teaching, and whom the public call â€Å"Sophists† and new for their skill, in fact teach nothing but the conventional views held and expressed by the mass of the people, when they meet; and this they call a science† (Plato The Republic IPPP a-b) This forever, does not entirely show why Plato is convinced that it is philosophers who should rule.Socrates proposes the notion that the study of philosophy results in the unearthing of objective truths about what is good, from this grounding this knowledge can be used as an unique;coal platform for policy-making. Plato believes that in contrast with his idea of the world of matter, the world of sense , which he classes as a mere world of shadows, is in fact â€Å"world of final, immutable, changeless, objects of contemplation, at the summit of which stands the ultimate object of a facial kind of knowledge independent of sense experience.This is ultimately a real and ultimately fitting object of love and desire, a constantly radiant eternal source of light, the form of good itself. † (Blackburn S. Pop, 2006). Subsequently, it has the natural progression that the people most suited to rule, are the people who have the wisdom of this higher realm, so Justifiably this would be the philosophers. â€Å"If pensioners nave ten capacity to grasp ten eternal Ana Immutable, Wendell tense won have no such capacity are not philosophers and are lost in multiplicity and change, which of the two should be in charge of a state? (Plato The Republic p 484 b). At no point, has it ever been empirically verified that those who have studied philosophy will all agree on that which is good and right. Even those who do agree that there are moral facts do not agree on exactly what they are – nor do they agree on what is the best way to act in the light of those facts. Eve n if we do agree with Plato and accept that a true understanding of goodness and Justice is both possible and agreement can be reached between philosophers, it still leaves the question whether this is all that a politician needs.

Youth Gangs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Youth Gangs - Essay Example Thrasher (1927), says in the â€Å"Gang† that, â€Å"they may have emerged spontaneously from adolescent play groups as a collective response to urban condition in this country† While others, suggests that gangs emerged after the Mexican revolution in 1813†. As to why and how they were manifested, ‘gangs may have frown out of difficulties Mexican youth encountered with social and cultural adjustment to the American way of life under extremely poor conditions in the southwest†. Gangs appeared to have spread to New England in the early 1800’s as the industrial revolution gained momentum in the first large cities in the United States: New York, Boston and Philadelphia. Miller observed, the United States has seen four distinct periods of gang growth and peak activity; the late 1800’s, the 1920’s, the 1960’s and the 1990’s†. According to Klien, â€Å"In the modern era, there are a number of trends that have contribu ted to the influence of gang activity, during the 1970’s and 1980’s given heightened mobility, and unfettered access to more lethal weapons, many gangs become more dangerous† According to Miller, â€Å"Gang fights oreviously involved fist fights or brass knuckles, but now they increasing involve guns. The growing availability of automobiles, coupled with the use of more lethal weapons, fueled the growth of drive-by shootings, a tactic which formerly took the form of on foot hit and run forays†.... older members than before"(Miller, 1992 Spergel,1995) According to Sanchez-Jankowski 1991; Skolnick et al, 1988; Taylor 1989, "some youth gangs appear to have been transformed into entrepreneurial organizations by the crack cocaine epidemic that began in the mid-1980's. However, Howell and Decker in press) contend that, "the extent to which they have become drug trafficking organizations is unclear" According to Curry and Decker 1998, "The average age of youth gang members is about 17 to 18 years", but tends to be older in cities where gangs have been in existence longer, like Chicago and Los Angeles" The typical age range is 12 to 24. Although more younger members are becoming more prevalent, it is the older membership that has increased the most"(Hagerdorn, 1988; Moore,1990, Spergel, 1995) "Male gang members outnumber females by a wide margin, and this span is greater in late adolescence than in early adolescence"(Miller, 1992; Moore, 1978). "Gangs vary in size by type of gang. Traditional (large, enduring, territorial) gangs average about 180 members"(Klien and Maxson 1996). As per Block and Block, 1993, and Spergel, 1995, "In large cities gangs number in the thousands" In the 19th century, youth gangs in the United States were primarily Irish, Jewish and Italian"(Haskins, 1974; Sante,1991) According to a recent national law enforcement survey, the ethnicity of gang members is 48 per cent African-American, 43 per cent3 Hispanic, 5 per cent white, and 4 per cent Asian"(Curry 1996) Bursik and Grasmick (1993) points out that, "despite the

Amazon-Branded Smartphones Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Amazon-Branded Smartphones - Essay Example Have you heard about OpenSSL or SSL? SSL means Secure Sockets Layer. It is responsible for hiding your information if you logged in on a certain website. It is also responsible for hiding administrators’ and webmaster’s credentials for a particular site. What is OpenSSL then? It’s open-source software. SSL is being implemented across the web using OpenSSL. OpenSSL is a component of a widely used program to run a website like Apache and Nginx. Hence, a vast number of websites are at high risk of Heartbleed. Â  Most questions raised by internet users if it is safe to change their passwords in the midst of the big issues. It is advised that if the site’s operator does not confirm yet that a particular site is already safe from Heartbleed, stay calm, and reset your passwords if it’s already safe. There is no effect if you are going to change your passwords in the midst of the vulnerability issues and would just give hackers the chance to discover your new passwords. Is there a way a user can check if the site he joined in is vulnerable of Heartbleed? Yes. LastPass is a program and a great tool for checking if a website is secure or infected by Heartbleed. It will check the website’s very core if it has traces of OpenSSL vulnerability. LastPass, aside from checking a website security, it will also give a free access to its tool that will remember all the user’s passwords. LastPass will encrypt and protect passwords. The user will then access his online accounts using a single login password or entry through LastPass. Â  The most important thing that we can do during this unsecured times is to stay calm. We can do a lot of things to protect our accounts online, but we can only do the best response to Heartbleed if we will stay calm. Don’t panic. If you are a banker online, do not worry, because most bank accounts do not use OpenSSL.

Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of joining a Assignment

Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of joining a professional association - Assignment Example rm, to voice and commiserate, and to provide affiliates a feeling that they are never alone in the hurdles opened by their profession in general (Kjellberg, 2013). Opportunities to discover new techniques, job options, among others, are priceless advantages to group members (Kjellberg, 2013). The disadvantages, on the other hand, of joining these organizations are needless fees, consumes a lot of time, needless expenses, socializing takes the attention away from career development and also they create a lot of pressure to achieve highly among its members (Harvey et al., 2003). Most professional organizations need the reimbursement of yearly fees. There might also be the first application fee (Kjellberg, 2013). Whereas $100 does not appear to be much, it accumulates when the individuals joins the national and state associations of numerous professional organizations (Harvey, 2004). Apart from the membership fees and applications, people also spend money on association lunches, breakfasts and dinners and gas expenses or transportation costs (Harvey, 2004). According to these advantages and disadvantages of belonging to a professional organization, I would opt to join a professional organization because I need access to the information, which will influence my practice. I also need people who will advocate for me in front of others and people who will develop me professionally, thus my decision to join a professional

Mock Trial Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Mock Trial - Case Study Example When she broke up with her fiance just shortly before meeting my client, she suffered several depression and, by her own account, the breakup was very bad. Now, following her breakup with my client, she is seeking legal recourse - she is using the court as an instrument of revenge. The Crown has quite obviously allowed this perversion of the law and the court and is charging my client with entry into sexual relationships via the "exercise of authority." According to the Crown, consent was vitiated by the imbalance of authority in the relationship. Miss McAdams, on the other hand, has stated the opposite - there was never any undue exercise of authority, the was a balance of power in the relationship and she was never, at any point, overwhelmed by Dr. Matheson's authority. So, who are we to believe A woman with a history of less than reasoned reactions to the breakup of relationships or a successful professional who does not have such a history The affair between Miss Soudoski and Dr. Matheson was consensual; it occurred outside my client's office and lasted for four months. We should not be here today and my client should, most definitely, not be standing trial for the exercise of his civil rights; a right which he exercised within the confines of its legal limitations. Do not allow for this perversion of the law. Chief Examination Dr. Matheson Q1: Dr Matheson, are you aware of the severity of the charges brought against you by the Crown A1: Yes I am. If proven guilty, I could loose my license and, hence, my livelihood. Q2: Did you or did you not engage in an affair with Miss Soudoski A2: Yes I did. Our professional relationship had ended by that time, however. As soon as I realized that our interest in one another was more than professional, I proposed that Miss Soudoski seek treatment elsewhere Q3: Did she A3: No she didn't but, from a professional point of view, she really did not need to. Q4: Are you claiming that she was well, that you had cured her from her depression in a handful of sessions A4: No I am not. I am just saying that her depression was an exaggerated reaction to her fiance's having broken up their engagement and cancelling their wedding. It would take time to pass but she did not need a psychologist for that. As I told her in our first meeting, this was something she had to work out for herself - work out by accepting the reality. Q5: What was her response A5: She insisted that she need professional help to get through this period. Q6: When did the relationship move from the professional to the personal A6: Maybe within a month or six weeks. Miss Soudoski began to take a personal interest in me and began asking me personal questions. What type of women I liked Whether I was single or involved in a relationship Questions of that type. At first I tried to avoid answering but to tell you the truth, I found her quite attractive. Therefore, I suggested that we end our professional relationship. Q7: Who initiated the affair A7: Miss Soudoski did. She invited me to her home for drinks and matters escalated from there. Q8: Did you, at any time, meet with her in your office after that A8: Yes I did - several times in fact. But never in a professional capacity and I always told her that she shouldn't come

Malaysia - Epitome of Asia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Malaysia - Epitome of Asia - Essay Example Malaysia - Epitome of Asia Even though the state religion of Malaysia is Islam, the country gives its people the freedom of choice and holds no barriers to any faith the people may choose to follow. They are given the right of their opinions and no one is forceful of their beliefs on the others. Malaysia is always welcoming new people to let them explore the country to fall in love with its natural beautiful sights. The people there share the same perspective and have a welcoming nature and always try to maintain a friendly relation with anyone they might know outside of their country, speaking on a personal note. Location Malaysia can be found near the far right side when viewing a global map, near the equator. It may seem a little distant from the rest of the world because of its location but that has not proven the people there to take the choice of living in isolation. Malaysia is situated on the South China Sea and has itself divided in two parts of East Malaysia and Peninsular Malaysia. The country share s borders with three countries; Thailand, Indonesia and Brunei. The country solves its problem of being in a far off place by linking itself to countries, like Singapore, through a causeway while also sharing maritime boundaries with countries like, Philippines and Vietnam. Malaysia did not always have the place it has today in the world. Near the end of 18th and 19th centuries The British had their colonies established in the area and ruled the Malay Peninsula till 1948. It was in 1957 that Malaysia attained the freedom it has today and formed the Federation of Malaya. After the independence the country faced problems with Indonesia, Singapore which was a part of Malaysia for a time, also departed from the Malay Federations. Malaysia was able to succeed in diversifying its economy after the rule of Prime Minister Mahathir bin Mohammad during the early years after independence. The country chose to develop its services, manufacturing and tourism to give boost to its economy and decided to let go of exporting of raw materials. When these policies proved to be of great advantage to the country, the following prime ministers decided to act upon them as well i.e. Najib bin Abdul Razzak. Geography Being the world’s 67th largest country, Malaysia has a land area of 329,847 square kilometers (UMTECH 2012). Malaysia is the only country that has its land territory situated in both; mainland of the Asian continent and on the Malay Archipelago, the Malay sea studded with islands. The Peninsular Malaysia, one of the two parts that the country is divided in, contains 40 percent of the land mass of the country. It spreads 322 kilometers in width while it’s North to South extends up to 740 kilometers (Marshall Cavendish Corporation, 2006). There is a series of mountains that divides the Peninsular Malaysia’s East and West coasts, Titiwangsa Mountains, also called Main Range (Britannica). Main Rage is a mountain range that is heavily forested and is composed of igneous rocks and granite. Most of the mountain has eroded and created a karst landscapes. The other half of Malaysia, East Malaysia, has a coastline of 2,607 kilometers which is divided among its hills, valleys, interiors of mountains and the coastal regions. East Mal aysia also consists of the tallest mountain in the country, Mount Kinabalu. The mountain holds the height of 13,436 ft, and ranges between the country and Indonesia’

Websites Evaluation Exercise Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Websites Evaluation Exercise - Assignment Example This website (http://www.adidas.com/com/) provides accurate information on its: authorship, contact details, credentials and support organizations under authority; organization and focus, appropriate links to outside sites, and relevant contents under purpose; both selective and comprehensive navigation options, comprehensive illustrations, and satisfying details of the items under coverage; currency in terms of items’ updates i.e. latest arrivals in the market; clear, precise and complete pieces of information for the purpose of the site’s objectivity; and finally it provides reliable, accurate, correct and satisfying content on each and every item. In support of the key characteristics that facilitate Adidas portal’s effectiveness in its roles in business as illustrate above, here are the explanations. This site is basically for the purpose of advertisements, marketing and sale of Adidas manufacturing company’s products only. Meaning that, their objective is to provide authentic, accurate, comprehensive/ complete coverage and authoritative details about their products for the main purposes of achieving the goal and objective as a business organization. Being a business organization, they have to compete with other companies and organizations which providing similar products, and at a

Transcendentalism and Romanticism Essay Example for Free

Transcendentalism and Romanticism Essay Romanticism is a literary, artistic, and philosophical movement that began in Europe it shaped all the arts in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. In a general sense, romanticism refers to several distinct groups of artists, poets, writers, and musicians as well as political, philosophical and social thinkers and trends of the late 18th and early 19th centuries in Europe. Romanticism generally stressed the essential goodness of human beings. In its intense focus on the individual consciousness, it was both a continuation of and a reaction against the Enlightenment. (Romanticism) Romanticism did emphasize the individual, the subjective, the irrational, the imaginative, the personal, the spontaneous, the emotional, the visionary, and the transcendental. (Britannica) Romantic literature displayed a number of recurrent motifs: the theme of the individual in rebellion; the symbolic interpretation of the historic past; subjects from myth and folklore; the glorification of nature; faraway settings; sentimentalism; the nobility of the uncivilized man (the Native American, for example); admiration for the simple life; the elevation of the common man; a fascination with Gothic themes, with the supernatural and mysterious, with introspection, melancholy, and horror; and a humanitarian political and social outlook. The romantic impulse played a major role in the mid-nineteenth century blossoming of American literature and art that has been called the American Renaissance. (Cliff notes) Many depict this capacity for human growth as the triumph of the intuitive over the methodical and rational. Some suppose that individual self-culture will lead to social progress, even political revolution. (Romanticism) There were many great romantic writers on is the very well known Edgar Allan Poe who is best known as a literary figure, a writer of short stories and poetry. A surprising amount of his thought was devoted to natural science, with which he seems to have had a love-hate relationship. Poe often regarded himself as a paragon of rational thought but he seems to have held a characteristically romantic view of rationality, seeking to apply an artistic esthetic as the ultimate criterion for scientific truth. He was very well known and did many great works such as â€Å"The Raven† â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† and many more. He is known world wide still today and is very influential he is one of the best if not the best romantic writer of any period. (Math pages) Although another great write would be Emily Dickenson who was also a great romantic poet that wrote about love, death, and the human relationship with God and nature she helps show how romanticism can tie in with philosophy and religion. (Dickenson) William Blake was probably the most singular of the English romantics. His poems and paintings are radiant, imaginative, and heavily symbolic, indicating the spiritual reality underlying the physical reality. (E-topic) The works of James Fennimore Cooper reflected the romantic interest in the historical past, whereas the symbolic novels of Hawthorne and Melville emphasized the movements concern with transcendent reality. (Berklee) The other form of art is â€Å"Transcendentalism which was an American literary and philosophical movement of the nineteenth century† (phl) founded in New England, which asserting the existence of an ideal spiritual reality that transcends the empirical and scientific and is knowable through intuition. The founders of transcendentalism were Unitarian intellectuals and from them the transcendentalists took a concern for self-culture, a sense of moral seriousness, a neo-Platonic concept of piety, a tendency toward individualism, a belief in the importance of literature, and an interest in moral reform. The transcendentalist’s idealistic system of thought is based on a belief in the essential unity of all creation, the innate goodness of humankind, and the supremacy of vision over logic and experience for the revelation of the deepest truths bound them all together. Transcendentalist writers and their contemporaries signaled the emergence of a new national culture based on native materials, and they were a major part of the American Renaissance in literature. They advocated reforms in church, state, and society, contributing to the rise of free religion and the abolition movement and to the formation of various utopian communities, such as Brook Farm. The transcendentalists became pioneers in the American study of comparative religion. (Transcendentalism) The Transcendentalists also conveyed their philosophy, concerns, and creativity through shorter pieces printed in the periodical publications that were important to the intellectual life of the mid-nineteenth century. (Cliff notes) Emerson was transcendentalisms most philosophical writer and its greatest advocate for unification with the Universal Spirit or the One. (Romanticism) His poems, orations, and especially his essays, such as Nature, are regarded as landmarks in the development of American thought and literary expression. (Emerson) Emerson became close friends with Margaret Fuller an author and revolutionist and introduced her to a wide circle of intellectuals, including the transcendentalists. Fullers argument that women had a universal sacred right to develop their individual natures stemmed from transcendental philosophy, but her radical call to collective action, her attack upon the sexual double standard, and her endorsement of womens entrance into the public sphere earned her a feminist reputation. (Fuller) Another woman who is related to transcendentalism is Elizabeth Peabody who opened the first kindergarten in the United States. Peabody was a teacher, writer, and prominent figure in the transcendental movement, editing The Dial, the chief literary publication of the movement, for two years. (Memory) Romanticism greatly impacted transcendentalists. The Romantic Movement in Britain, Europe, and America provided the broad literary background for the rise of transcendentalism. (Cliff notes) Emerson’s transcendentalism is in some ways an American offshoot of romanticism, but with a greater religious and philosophical emphasis that manifests itself in highly intellectual essays rather than spontaneous lyrics. (cwrl) American Romanticism was powerfully expressed with the anonymous publication of Emerson’s Nature. This manifesto of transcendentalism, based on earlier journal entries, sermons, and lectures, was soon followed by the important addresses â€Å"The American Scholar† and the â€Å"Divinity School Address†. (Cliff notes) British Romantic authors William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and Thomas Carlyle greatly influenced the New England transcendentalists by together writing Lyrical Ballads. In these poems, Wordsworth and Coleridge presented personal feeling, employed language that reflected the spoken rather than the stylized written word, and focused on both the supernatural and ordinary experience. (Cliff notes) Romanticism in the form of transcendentalism was communicated foremost through the writings of the faithful. Emerson, Thoreau, Fuller, and others published lengthy works of a range of types on a variety of subjects, each in its own way an expression of romantic ideals. (Cliff Notes) Transcendental movement may be described as a slightly later, American outgrowth of romanticism. (Wikipedia) You have now learned about romanticism and what it is and the impact it has in our culture along with what transcendentalism and the impact made but it as well. I also showed you the impact of romanticism on transcendentalism and how closely they are both related. I hope it was shown that romanticism and transcendentalism are two great forms of art that greatly contributed to literature and made it what it is today. Formun Ustu For literature, Romanticism was just opposite of the Enlightenment: ENLIGHTENMENT | ROMANTICISM | * there is a static vision of the * world * there is conservatism * there is rationality * there is uniformity of ideas * the most important subjects are * physic and maths | * there is a dynamic vision of the * world * there is a revolution * there are sentiments or feelings * there is diversity of ideas * the most important subjects are * biology and, later, genetics|.

Educating Youth in Developing Countries

Educating Youth in Developing Countries John W. Gardner, former United States Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare stated: Much education today is monumentally ineffective. All too often we are giving young people cut flowers when we should be teaching them to grow their own plants (http://thinkexist.com/quotes/john_w._gardner/). Gardners statement expresses the necessity to educate children thoroughly by providing them with skills to harvest their own self-improvement. These skills include leadership, teamwork, confidence and responsibility. Many worldwide organizations focus on youth development through education. Children are the generation most capable of carrying out positive changes such as peace, development, and equity, due to time and materials being in their favor. When youth are given the means to educate themselves and acquire leadership skills, they are provided with an opportunity to make a positive contribution to their global society. Programs that focus on youth education and development through organized activity are popular in developed and developing countries. Organizations range from summer camps to after school programs to international teaching initiatives. I work for an organization called Youth Leadership Camps Canada that specializes in working with children ages 5-18 in an outdoor recreational environment to aid in their leadership development. Our staff is trained in various recreation techniques including games facilitation, high ropes and waterfront activities, teamwork initiative tasks, and reflection in order to effectively convey important leadership and self-improvement techniques to children and teens. Through working at YLCC, I have discovered that play is an effective way to teach leadership skills in a practical and engaging manner. Children absorb concepts quickly through experience, and active learning helps them gain the confidence to lead among their peers when given the opportunity. I have seen positive results and growth in children and teens that are vision impaired, children with mental development issues, children who are labeled at risk and children who are labeled average and above average in their development. My experience working at YLCC has fueled my curiosity to discover similar programs and research their methods and levels of success. This research paper will explore factors influencing the need for development among third-world youth; recreational education as a proven method of equipping youth with essential skills; programs that educate youth through activity, and criticisms of such programs. Factors Influencing the Need for Youth Development When discussing the importance of rehabilitating and teaching youth, it is necessary to evaluate their living conditions and the factors that influence their need for development. Many children in developing countries live in undesirable conditions, suffering poverty and starvation, low success in school, and negligence from parents. Michael Justesen and Dorte Verners book titled Factors Impacting Youth Development in Haiti discusses the state of matters among Haitian youth: A series of factors predisposes a large proportion of youth to poverty, school dropout, 3 unemployment, early sexual initiation, teen pregnancy, HIV/AIDS, sexual and physical abuse, crime and violence, substance abuse and drug dealing, and social exclusion (Justesen, M; Verner, D. 2007:3). Determining the factors that propel youth to unhealthy and unfulfilling conditions allows one to begin to develop a solution to the problem. According to Justesen and Verner, the sources of youth development hindrances are rooted in several aspects: In many households absence of the father or both parents, drug abuse, pressure for female adolescents to bear children, and domestic violence contribute to the challenges young people face on a daily basis (2007:3). Addressing and understanding these factors and their sources is necessary if one has the intention to work with youth and help them to work toward self-improvement. The World Banks Country Study titled Caribbean Youth Development discusses three factors contributing to the need for youth development: individual characteristics, microenvironment, and macro environment. (The World Bank. 2003: 28-42) Individual characteristics refer to the character and qualities of the person in question. For example, the study refers to the levels of self-esteem and feelings of rage among youth in the Caribbean (2003: 28). Youth who experience rage are more likely to engage in crime and violence, or use drugs, alcohol and tobacco. (2003: 28) More than half of children who display rage-like behavior in the Caribbean have been either sexually or physically abused (2003: 29). Microenvironment and macro environment refer to factors such as parental and 4 community influence, and economic situations and position in society, respectively. (2003: 30, 37) Institutions and individuals with whom youth make contact are very powerful influences in their lives (2003: 35). Direct connection with members of their microenvironment can play a role in a youths development, and the individual demeanor they will adopt. Macro environment concerns itself with factors that determine a persons circumstance, such as gender or economic situation (2003: 37). The three aforementioned factors cover varying aspects of a youths life, addressing elements both within and beyond an individuals control. Despite records that certain factors lead to disagreeable living conditions, hope remains that Haitian youth, and others to follow, will rise above their troubles and work as leaders, if given the proper direction: Haitis history, combined with the countrys social and poverty indicators, show that youth should be seen not as a problem, but as a product of the family and community environment and therefore should be treated as a potential solution to Haitis development challenges (2007: 3), This statement advocates the idea of developing youth through education and leadership, allowing them to be agents of change in their own lives and in their communities. Recreation and Youth: Connections and Results People have participated in sport and recreation for hundreds of years, from simple game play in the schoolyard, to worldwide Olympic events. According to Martha Ewings article, The Role of Sports in Youth Development, Children learn 5 moral behaviour from engaging with others, watching the behaviour of others, and/or being taught ethical behaviour (Ewing, M.E et al. 2002:37). In this sense, ethical behaviour can be acquired through active learning in an interactive team environment. Ewings article suggests that youth can learn moral behaviour and build character through participation in sport. Specifically, Ewing mentions that in studying children and their participation in physical education, it has been proposed that children (a) develop physical skillsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦(b) improve fitness; (c) learn social and emotional skills; (d) develop moral values; and (e) acquire a better sense of self through increased perceived competence, self-esteem and self-confidence (2002: 31). The essential skills gained from participation in sport work as an agent toward youth development and provide a solution from troublesome conditions. Through sports and team activities, children learn self-sufficiency, co-operation, and begin t o believe that they are capable of being leaders. Recreational programs are sometimes government funded and provided within schools, while others are non-governmental and extra-curricular, such as summer camp. Camp is often presented in the media as simply a place for children to have fun in the outdoors. However, summer camp provides youth with an opportunity to extend their personal boundaries, be active, make connections, and gain confidence through learning new skills and interacting with others. Christopher Thurbers study Youth Development Outcomes of the Camp Experience: Evidence for 6 Multidimensional Growth discusses the technique for youth development used by summer camps: Promoting the healthy development of young people adheres to two complementary theoretical orientations. Prevention Science (e.g., Greenberg et al., 2003; Nation et al., 2003) aims to identify at-risk populations and alter individual characteristics that are precursors to unhealthy behaviors, such as school failure, drug use, and violence. Positive Youth Development (e.g., Catalano, Berglund, Ryan, Lonczak, and Hawkins, 2002; Larson, 2000) also seeks to reduce unhealthy behaviors, but by fostering the individual, social, and environmental characteristics-such as positive identity, social competence, and independence-that promote healthy development. Viewing young people as assets rather than liabilities also reflects the trend toward studying positive psychology and resiliency (e.g., Seligman, 2003; Werner and Smith, 2001), rather than focusing narrowly on pathology and risk (Thurber, C.A, et al. 2006: 241). According to this study, summer camps break their education methods down into two categories. They evaluate not only the factors contributing to the need for development, but focus on methods of fostering healthy development in a positive manner. The harmony of discovering the origins of the problem with the process of intently working toward improvement and learning has proven to be successful: (Researchers have) focused on children with identified problems, including emotional disturbances (Byers, 1979; Durkin, 1988, 1993), learning disabilities and social skills deficits 7 (see Mishna, Michalski, and Cummings, 2001, for a review), family dysfunction (Lewicki, Goyett, and Marr, 1996), chronic medical conditions (e.g., Zimmerman, Carter, Sears, and Lawson, 1987), delinquency (e.g., Castellano and Soderstrom, 1992), and gang involvement (Harris, Fried, and Arana, 1995). Results of these studies all support the conclusion that camp promotes childrens health and development and reduces the recurrence of referral problems. Summer camps and physical education are proven methods of guidance for youth in an active environment. The techniques used to increase a childs mental and physical health through activity can be used effectively to aid youth in developing countries to gain confidence and leadership skills. Programs Specializing in Recreational Education in Developing Countries Many organizations have taken notice of the positive results that come from youth participation in organized activity. Programs such a Right to Play and OA Projects focus on providing children with essential skills through engagement in team sports such as soccer. UNICEFs Peace Education program facilitates various workshops for school-aged youth, intending to teach qualities such as empathy, tolerance, communication, and co-operation (Fountain, S. 1999: 17). Susan Fountains article discussing training methods by UNICEF describes peace education among the knowledge, skills, attitudes and values required to live and work in dignity (1999:1). Specifically, sport and physical education have been used in Rwandan schools as a vehicle for developing skills and attitudes of peace 8 (1999:17). Training youth to work together as members of a team is a common goal among activity based NGOs like Right to Play and OA Projects. Right to Play is based on the guiding principle of inclusion, hoping to promote the involvement and acceptance of youth who are marginalized for various reasons, including gender, disability, and background (At a Glance, 2009: 1). Right to Play also focuses on reintegrating youth affected by conflict into society; health promotion and disease prevention education; basic cognitive development and partnership with local community leaders and coaches to ensure individual as well as community development (At a Glance, 2009: 1) Similarly, OA Projects partners with local programs focused on promoting peace and rebuilding communities (www.oaprojects.org. About.) Interaction with the project country contributes to the organizations authenticity. The Outcome: Results and Critiques Nearly every effort to aid in developing countries provokes critiques questioning its integrity and authenticity. One might question whether a child can actually grow and receive essential skills from play. While leadership skills are important, do these programs provide youth with the opportunities to exercise them fully, and enough to make changes in their lives and in their communities? Cora Burnetts Sports-for-Development Approaches in the South African Context: A Case Study Analysis looks at sports in the school, community clubs, and South Africas Youth Development through Football (YDF) program. In her conclusion she suggests, the emphasis of 9 traditional male sports such as rugby, cricket and football, inevitably limited the opportunities for equitable gender participation (YEAR: 38). While Burnetts critique states that inclusion of members of the community created mass participation at the school level and afforded many rural learners the opportunity to participate in a variety of sports (year: 39), focus lacked in addressing contextual priorities and appropriate needs-based education and training toà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ creat(e) career pathways or enhanc(e) the employability status (with reference to the school sport assistants and contract workers) of vulnerable populations (year: 39). Burnetts critiques address concerns that many inevitably share, questioning whether the outcome of activity-based programs is worth the means to present them. Conclusion It goes without saying that every child deserves to enjoy life and feel the joy that comes with playing and being active. Programs that offer children an opportunity to grow through activity not only intend to expose war-affected youth to an experience of fun, but through the fun experience, show children how to work together, lead and take initiative. Whether in Canada or in the third-world, physical activity is proven to increase fitness, confidence, and teamwork and communication skills. It is questionable whether sports and activity-based programs have a consistently favorable outcome as providers of better opportunities for youth. However, it is undeniable that the end result of joy and confidence for a child is worthwhile. Children in developing countries deserve a childhood just as much as children in 10 developed countries do. Through organized activity and sport, children are given the opportunity to play and laugh, while learning valuable team and leadership skills. Sports-based programs are not designed to pave the pathway of a better future for third-world youth, but rather to provide them with the confidence and skills to consider their pathways, and equip themselves to think critically about the pathways they are on.

Case Study of Business Strategy Of Marks And Spencer

Case Study of Business Strategy Of Marks And Spencer Marks and Spencer is one of the biggest traders having inheritance of more than one hundred and twenty years. It has more than 895 stores in more than 40 regions all over the world. Its head office is in U.K, in the city of Westminster. Michael Marks from Slonim, Russia and Thomas Spencer a cashier from Yorkshire are the pioneers of this U.Ks biggest retailers. At Leeds (Kirkgate market) in 1884, Michael Marks started his own business by opening a penny bazaar stall. Then to develop his business he opened a shop at Manchester with the partnership of Thomas Spencer. H:st college assingmentsMS assingq no 51201445_MarksSpencerSheffieldHistory.jpg After the death of both the pioneers of the company Michael Marks Simon became the chairman of company while William Chapman took the helm until 1960. During the Era of Michael Simon Company touch the highest point .The business was floated as a public limited company after 10 years. In 1998 it was the first company of U.K who earned the profit of one billion pounds after tax deduction. Marks and Spencer prohibited smoke first time in store that later on became a legal offence to smoke at public places. Marks and Spencer mainly deals in Clothing, Home Ware, Food, Technology, Beauty, Financial Services, Energy and Hospitality. PLAN A: The Customers are becoming more conscious about natural and environmental issues, so for this Marks and Spencer launched plan A, which consists of 180 commitments to overcome the challenges. Many problems are related with Climate Change, Waste Reduction, Ethical Trading, Sustainable Raw Material and Health. To tackle these changes Marks and Spencer is doing much effort. C:UsersFaisalDesktopimagesCAXD7DW8.jpg In March 2010 Marks and Spencer expanded plan A introduced 80 more commitments and added them up with the existing ones. In these commitments their primary focus is on climate changes, waste, natural resources, fair partner, health and well being. These five main pillars are described below: C:UsersFaisalPicturesimagesCAV6T6WW.jpg CLIMATE CHANGE: Due to an increase in greenhouse gases produced by the human activities the earth is getting warmer day by day causing many damaging consequences. In 2006/07 Marks and Spencer cut their carbon emissions to 8% by reducing the usage of energy. Marks n Spencer also committed that up to 2015, they will improve their energy efficiency by 35%. C:UsersFaisalDesktopimagesCA3FRFRV.jpg WASTE: Every year the U.K has to throw away 400 tonnes of waste that comes from construction, industry, households and discarded packaging. The waste that is not recycled ends up in landfill sites which take many years to decompose. Marks and Spencer claimed that in the year of 2009/10 they have achieved the recycling level to 88% while reducing the amount of waste to 16%.They have reduced the food waste by 29% as compared to the years 2006/07.Marks and Spencer collected 133 million clothes hangers and reused 76% of them and recycled the rest. C:UsersFaisalPicturesimagesCAM1CR39.jpg They have also recycled their construction waste up to 89%.Marks and Spencer are committed to do that by 2015 they want to landfill help their customers to recycle or reuse their packaging and products. They will also help their suppliers to reduce the waste and to gain zero rates as well. NATURAL RESORCES: In plan A Marks and Spencer aimed to get as much of their raw material from their natural resources as possible. It is the U.Ks first company who has signed the WWF sea food charter, with 62 % of their wild sea food. Marks Spencer also purchased Green palm certificate to cover all the palm oil to use their Marks and Spencer product. C:UsersFaisalPicturesimagesCAG3OZ2S.jpg Fair Partner: Marks and Spencer has a vision that they are very strong in their communities and ensure good working conditions. Marks and Spencer has the lowest employee turnover rate in UK retail i.e. 14%.Marks and Spencer is offering competitive salaries, discount to their employees, bonuses and share save options to their employees. It provides different training programmes to the employees. Every employee has to undertake Marks Spencer Career Path Training and learning programmes .While the managers have to attend the different workshops to boost their capabilities. Marks and Spencer is trying to provide the best salary packages for the employees. C:UsersFaisalDesktopimagesCAF15VPV.jpg Health and Wellbeing: Unhealthy food is one of the main factors of many health problems. According to the part of the commitment of Plan A Marks and Spencer encouraged its customers and employees to get healthy and nutritious food by developing new product ranges. Marks and Spencer has launched online diet forums and health newsletters to allow active dialogue with the customers on nutrition and health. Marks and Spencer has removed artificial flavours and colours from all of its food products and soft drinks. It has also removed 90% of salt in its products. Very few of the products still does not meet the required standard of health and nutrition but Marks and Spencer is working hard to bring it in line according to the required standard. C:UsersFaisalPicturesimagesCACFVO3Z.jpg Analysis of the external environment: According to plan A Marks and Spencer has also taken into consideration the external environment of the company. External environment means the factors that directly or indirectly affect the internal function and perhaps business strategy and objectives as well. Most common factors of external environment are political, social, economic and technical. These factors are totally out of control of the organisation, but the company could be able to take some steps to overcome these challenges. Basically the external environment defines the competitive situation of an organisation and potentially can have both positive and negative impacts on businesses. Target analysis has four major categories of external factors that affect the companys capability to grow. Based on operation region, external environment is divided into three interactive segments which is remote, industrial and operational environment. External factors produce different influences on the companys productivity. On the ot her hand some influences are inter-linked with each other. For example information technology completely changed the way of work, customer behaviour and life style as well. Based on PEST analysis four major factors are going to be discussed in detail. Political Environment: Political stability in a country attracts the investors to do investment and that is a very key factor to grow business. Secondly, government trade policy, is either flexible or hard. Every organisation operates under the government policy about trade and within the legal frame work. The legal frame work covers many areas like tax rates, employees benefits, wage legislation, trade regulation and tariff. Suppliers, customers and competitors are also affected by the political environment. Economical Environment: Economic conditions also affect organisations external environment. In this regard some factors that influence business are tax rates, inflation, money supply, government need, economic growth rate and the tendency to spend at international and national level. Social Environment: In social context, normally Britain customers lean towards a specific product. In every transaction product quality matters a lot, but it could easily be beaten by offering lower pricing of the same brand. Some fresh analysis about Britains customers is that they prefer some fashionable styles over classic trends. This can be seen in Marks Spencers case because they are still struggling to get a bigger market share. This indicates that British buyers are very keen about their wealth. Technological Environment: Now a days a large number of the population is able to use the internet. It means that by using e-commerce many organisations can widen their horizons and do many more operations. This can be seen in foremost companies like Sainsbury, Tesco and ASDA as well. These days most of the trading and purchasing is done through the internet, and it has also become a competitive advantage of Marks and Spencer. Analysis of External Environment of MS: The U.K retail market is very eye-catching. The company has full support from the government. Because Marks Spencer has rich historic values and has become a very powerful organisation in the business world, new competitors are finding it very challenging to keep up with the quality of products and services that Marks Spencer provide. Analysis of the organisations internal environment and identification: In Plan A Marks and Spencer has taken internal analysis, which is also called SWOT analysis. This is a very important part of business development. SWOT analysis is a simple structure for generating strategic alternative from a situation analysis. SWOT is an abbreviation for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. In late 1960, Edmund defined SWOT structure. Learned, C. Roland, Christiansen, Kenneth Andrews and William d Goth in Business Policy, Text and Cases (Homewood, IL; Irwin 1969).In the 1980s General Electric Growth Council used this form of analysis. Basically, it throws light on thecompanys strengths weaknesses. The strengths highlight the different aspects that bring results in market value and the weaknesses draw the attention to those areas which need improvements. SWOT analysis is fruitful where you have to tackle a complex situation in a limited time frame. Organisation of an effective strategy is based on a clear definition of the organizations mission. For the success of an organization it requires some necessary ingredients which are listed below: Strategy must be carefully verbalized, applied, manageable and accomplished. Internal analysis of the organisation is an essential part in the strategic planning process. During 2005-06 Marks and Spencer had seventy thousand employees globally. The Company changed the employees structure according to the nature of the customers that used the products and services of Marks Spencer. Marks and Spencer also pledge to promoting equal opportunities regardless of age, disability,race, views about politics, working hours and religion. Marks and Spencer arrange flexible working schedules for fatherhood, adoption and IVF treatment, child and career break to boost their employees uniformity. Marks and Spencer also runs Business Involvement Group (BIG), which is a work demonstration forum in all their stores and offices that inspire their work force to share information and develop discussion about the companys business. If we talk about salary and welfare, the company has some incentive packages that include fundamental fixed pay. As for training, in 2005-06 more than 102,000 days were fixed for training purpose in which Marks and Spencer try to develop inner aptitude and skill of their workers. Marks and Spencer proved that they have great concern about health and safety of their employees by providing a wide range of work related health services. The companys code of ethics is also developing to give guideline to their member concerning their responsibilities towards customers, workers, stockholders, dealers, societies, government and the environment. Identification of the major issues challenging Marks Spencer: Marks and Spencer is one of the UKs biggest traders, giving different services to their customers in the field of food, clothing, and house hold products. They tried at their best level to give good customer service at an affordable price, but it is not always very easy. Marks and Spencer are losing their trend towards the youngstersand their other opponents in the market are taking advantage of this weak point. This is the biggest challenge that Marks and Spencer is facing nowadays. To overcome this weak point Marks and Spencer is also taking steps to provide cheaper products to their customer, but for this they have to import their raw materials, which also lessen the Marks and Spencers image of British Goods Seller. Cards and cash methods have been used for payment since 2001. Marks and Spencer have seen very tough times during the period of recession, but now it seems as though everything is going back to normal. The companys thirteen weeks before the start of OCT (2010) was very hope full. Homeware made an astonishing growth in sales up to 7% and food stuff which was last year 3.6%, this year it increases up to 3.7%.The clothing section is also growing and is the most rapidly expanding sales item of Marks and Spencer. During the autumn the women shoes sales touched a record, which Marks and Spencer claims that it was because of their strong advertisement. External environment and the impact on the strategic direction of the organisation: Strategic direction means those incentives that a company adopts for the achievement of its target i.e. how to produce, develop and sell its products. Basically strategic direction is the planning that an organisation follows for the marketing of its products. Marks and Spencer introduced a plan that they named as PLAN A the purpose behind which is to become worlds most sustainable retailer. For the success of any organisation it is very necessary to keep an eye on the environmental changes that occurs outside the organisation. As these changes affect the strategy of any organisation, it has to alter its rules and regulations according to the environmental changes. There are four main external environmental factors that effect the strategic direction of any organisation. a) Political b) Economic c) Technological d) Social The political condition plays a vital role to put an impact on the strategy of an organisation as it refers to the government policies. If the government introduces new laws and the organisation has some policies or rules and regulations that conflicts with the existing government laws, it has to alter its rules and regulations and make them according to the governments policy. The change in the political condition can affects the strategic direction of the organisation as every government has its own policies and the organisation cannot work against the laws of the country. Economic condition has also a deep effect on the strategic direction of an organisation. The economic condition of any country has a deep rooted effect. It includes taxation rates, economic growth rate and capability to invest at national and international levels. The rapid change in technology is another factor that can affect the strategic direction of an organisation .With the passage of time new techniques and machines are coming up and it is very important to adopt new techniques for the development of a business. In the social environment the consumer plays a vital role to affect on the strategic direction of the organisation. The organisation has to provide the products and services according to the requirements of the consumer. The lifestyle trends, ethical issues, media views, law changes, buying access, brand, religion beliefs, demographics and fashion are the social factors that can affect the strategy of the organisation. What should the organisation do to achieve or maintain competitive advantage in its industries? Competitive advantage: A companys competitive advantages are the features that give permission to do best even in average industry extensive performance and free entry into the industry as a whole. Every company has some definite abilities which make it different from other companies in the same industries. It has some unique competences that cannot be replicated by the opponents. Many companies complete their management price by using effective use of skills to organise their jobs. One example of such a company is Marks and Spencer. This company use technology to locate their goods. The company also use technology to coordinate between different departments. It brings more proficiency and less expenditure, and as a result production cost is low. On -the-counter payment was also introduced by Marks Spencer. It was very beneficial for the company as they need only a small amount of employees, so as a result labour cost was minimized and profit margin were increased. Marks and Spencer with more than 100 years of experience have a competitive advantage over most of their counter parts, because the company earn the trust and reputation among the customers, their workers and suppliers. Their customers have an extensive collection and are fully confident about the companys products and services.They also get value for money as well. Marks and Spencer demonstrates a shared sense of doing things, with their strong inner structure that moves around permanent employment relationships and strong organisational routines. In the external environment Marks and Spencer fully focus on product specification and design to continue their relationship with the customer, which lasts for many years. As part of their business accountability the company has strong conservational and communal responsibilities. TSE Stated that Marks and Spencer use modern methods of management like consumer research, planning, personal management, product innovation, staff training and many more and has proved itself as a founder and outshined among all other companies (1985).Marks Spencer maintain a strong organisational structure that is run by comparatively normal employees who get excellent results over many years, although many changes have occured in the economic environment (1995). Although, over the recent years, due to the big recession the company has had to face downfalls in some of their retailing areas, but they have managed to overcome all their uncertain hurdles through flexibility, that their opponents view as unnerving. According to an analyst Terhi Halme (2008) ,Even though Marks and Spencer has carried out extensive reformation over the past years, the companys competitive advantage has not been fully revived, so the firm could be able to answerable to the current down turn in British retail market. The decline rate during the past few months has been increased in their food unit and as a result revenue has dropped. Because of this, the food sector is also losing its market share. The management have to step up marketing and promotional spending to protect the market share. Additionally the team confidence is also diminish because of changed management, and therefore not been able to generate sustainable improvements. It is possible that Asian and Middle East companies that are in search of western products will take a look at the market shares of Marks and Spencer as presenting buying opportunities at the present price, especially during this recession. Conclusion: Marks and Spencers main aim is to become the worlds most sustainable retailer by 2015. To achieve this target Marks and Spencer introduce Plan A in which it has highlighted five factors to achieve their business goal that is climate change, waste, sustainable raw material, fair partnership and health. There are some internal and external environmental factors that affect the business strategy of the organisation. Internal factors are under the control of the organisation that deals with the strengths and weaknesses. But the external environmental factors are beyond the control of the organisation. Marks and Spencer has also taken initiative to maintain and improve its position. It provides good customer services, using modern techniques, and provides products according to the demand of the customers.

What is a Valentine :: essays research papers

Heart-shaped, lace doilies stuck to red construction paper with glue dripping from edges. Tootsie pops poked down the middle of a Care Bears valentine. On the desk just a few seats over, handfuls of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles valentines telling you to â€Å"Cowabunga into a radical Valentine’s Day!† Pencils with heart-shaped erasers placed delicately on the corner of each student’s desk by a favorite second-grade teacher. Valentine’s Day of years past seemed so simple, but with the years, our memories change just as we do. Valentine’s Day was not just another holiday in grade school. All holidays meant a party, but on Valentine’s Day the room moms always brought extra candy and streamers galore. As kids, we knew this day was our chance to waste an entire day of learning just to spend hours dropping unmarked valentines in each classmate’s brown paper bag mailbox. Okay, so we actually did some work, like our vocab in the morning while the moms set up. Still, it was just like a snow day! Come high school, even eighth grade, the parties became extinct. The importance of our education was stressed now more than ever. Grades started â€Å"counting† towards college, driver’s ed became essential, and you no longer told Tommy Too Cute that you liked him through a valentine; instead, you asked him to the Sadie Hawkins dance. Things had changed. Suddenly it was just a Hallmark holiday to you and your single friends. Enter college. At this point, if you were dating someone in high school who was your valentine, a number of scenarios were possible, including, but not limited to: 1. The guy/girl turned out to be a complete jerk and is now dating your ex-best-friend who still has your favorite shirt in his/her closet. 2. He/she chose a scholarship out of state over you (as if!). 3. You were just too strong to be held back by the chains of commitment and opted to wring out his/her heart like a soaked kitchen towel. Choose your scenario then consider why you are single on this Valentine’s Day in college. Realize that being single is not something to be upset over. Look around at all of your friends, your family, even your roommate. This year celebrate with one of them. Spend that $3.49 on an overpriced pop-up Hallmark card. Stuff your face with a giant heart-shaped box of Walgreen’s chocolate. Rent Sleepless in Seattle and cry.

Here Follows Some Verses :: essays research papers

Here Follows Some Verses...   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In all of Anne Bradstreet’s poetry that we have read, she has taken an experience of hers and then dissected and related it to Christian and, more generally, Puritan merits. â€Å"Here Follows Some Verses,† is no exception. After the burning of her house 1666, Bradstreet wrote this poem. It expresses her longing for the house and the possessions that were consumed in the fire. The poem also shows the author’s solid faith in God. There is a minor conflict between her religious merits and her connection with her lost items (namely her house). This conflict spurs questions that irk analysis of theology. However, they are resolved before the end of the poem.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The beginning of the poem is a wake up call. Bradstreet introduces the fire early in the poem, jolting our attention. She does this so that the sense of urgency she felt is convey to the reader. The first thought that comes to Bradstreet’s mind is to ask God for help, â€Å"†¦And not leave [her] succorless.† This was her first and, for her, most natural reaction to distress. Once she had escaped the house, she said that it was God’s will for the house to burn. From this we see that the author is a pious woman with solid faith. Soon after, we see that Bradstreet has a less religious side to her personality. After escaping from the house and looking at the ashes where her home once stood, she begins to long for the material possessions consumed in the fire. The flow of the poem changes from shocking to sad when the Bradstreet surveys the site and wherever she looks has memories of the things that once used to be there. There is a lot of repetition at this point. The words no and nor are repeated several times between lines 28 and 34, stressing her pining for her home and the memories that she will never have.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The superficial side of Bradstreet shows itself for only a short time, however. She accepts the fire as an act of God.

Outsiders: Gang Members

The need to belong is a fundamental need within all of humanity, and has played a key role in society since the beginning of time. The novel by S. E Hinton, ‘The Outsiders’ conveys this need and the yearning to feel social acceptance within us all. ‘The Outsiders’ comments on this inherent part of humanity through its realistic portrayal of teenage gang life, centering on the dependency of the gang members to feel a sense of inclusion and support from their gang. Insert The Outsiders plot line ‘The Outsiders’ conveys that the need to belong is apparent within everyone through the universality of the needs and views of the gang members.This conveys that finding a place to belong, as the characters do within their own gangs, is a basic aspect of man. These concepts are explored through the archetypal structure of the gangs represented within ‘The Outsiders’ that the audience is able to relate to, with the gangs clear hierarchy and the ir fierce loyalty and dependency present between the gang members. The novel depicts Ponyboy’s awakening to the true similarities between the rival gangs, and that although they brand themselves as polar opposites, both gangs at the heart are the same.It is slowly revealed that both gangs exist in order to give the teenagers a place to deal with society’s expectations and to feel a sense of inclusion, needs that the whole of society can relate to. The rivalry between the gang also signifies the universality of the gangs, as it is common throughout society for groups to bond themselves through a sense of ‘us versus them’, fulfilling the need within humanity for inclusion and camaraderie. There is also a strong tribal element within the gangs, as both gangs are male centered, territorial and resort to violence.This conveys the inherent need within humanity to belong, as tribes have formed since the beginning of time as an answer to this need. The tribal natu re of the gangs also conveys the gang member’s reliance on the gang and the support it offers them, as throughout history rejection from the tribe leads to death. The gangs instinctually resorting to violence also comments on the tribal nature of the gang, as they conform to primitive behavior of uniting against others. Hinton’s employment of point of view conveys to the audience Ponyboy’s personal opinions and discoveries about the true nature of the gangs.Through Ponyboy realizing the similarities between the gangs and questioning the violent nature of the gangs, the audience gains a greater understanding of the universality of belonging within a group and the inherent need to feel accepted within all of humanity. Although there is a universal element present in the gang life, there are also significant differences between the two rival gangs. These differences capture the importance of belonging as it focuses on the greaser’s loyalty, love and dependen cy within the gang that the SOCS don’t have.The Greasers’ need to belong, unlike the SOCS, stems from their alienation and exclusion from mainstream society. As the title conveys, they are ‘outsiders’, so the unity within the gang is much stronger as they have nowhere else to go. The sense of security created by the gang strengthens the relationships and loyalty between the gang members, making them more like a family then a group of friends. This is presented throughout the book, as the different greasers convey their allegiance to the gang and their willingness to put themselves on the line in order to protect a fellow gang member. When you’re a gang, you stick up for the members. If you don’t stick up for them, stick together, it isn’t a gang anymore. ’ Hilton’s employment of vernacular language and symbolism conveys the greaser’s loyalty to their gang as they mark themselves apart from the rest of society throu gh their appearance and slang. The greasers take a special pride in their long hair, a uniform for the gang of outcasts. The Outsiders conveys that more than anything, humanity feels a need to belong, through the range of characters and their different needs and connection to their gang.Hilton’s employment of characterization captures the drive behind man to belong, and what it can compel someone to do. Dally and Johnny are key examples of this, as their dependency on the gang is due to them not having a supportive family or another place to turn to. This is contrasted with the character of Darry, a more peripheral member of the gang who, due to his stable job and his history of athletic achievements, doesn't depend on the gang for self fulfillment and a life purpose. The Outsiders leads the audience to question the significance of belonging through the allegiance of the gang contrasted with biological bonds of family.Throughout the entire novel, Ponyboy struggles to find his place within the gang and within his family unit, as he fights with his brothers and feels alienated and unwanted. As Ponyboy tries to find his place within life, he turns away from his brothers and towards the support of the ‘greaser family’. Ponyboy’s journey is compared with Johnny, who is pushed away by his parents and looks to the greaser gang for family support and comfort. As Ponyboy gains an insight into Johnny’s life he in turn learns to appreciate his brothers and the sense of belonging they offer. It ain’t the same thing as having your own folks care about you† Johnny said simply. The need to belong is also explored in the Outsiders through the breaking up of the gang following the dramatic events that occur. Throughout the novel, the gang slowly collapses into a state of chaos, revealing to the audience the gang member’s dependency on the gang for their self identity and a reason for living. The gang is conveyed to have a s et structure at the beginning of the novel, each member having their own role within the gang.While the three brothers are the foundation of the gang, as they offer safety and hospitality to the other gang members, it is Johnny who is the heart of the gang, as the gang is tied together through their need to protect and love Johnny. As the bonds between the brothers begin to crumble, the fractures of the gang become apparent. It is the death of Johnny that leads to the gang collapsing and Dally’s suicide.This is conveyed through emotive language at the effect Johnny’s death plays on each character, â€Å"Soda looked like he was going to cry, Two-Bit’s eyes were closed and his teeth were clenched†¦ My heart was pounding in slow thumps. Dally’s suicide depicts his need of the gang, as he loses his will to live following Johnny’s death and the disbanding of the gang. Ponyboy enters a state of discord following the death of his friends that eventu ally allows him to move onto a state of reflection and growth as he realizes the significance of his belonging within his family and the importance of caring for the needs of his family and the gang in order to build a sense of solidarity and belonging. Insert Conclusion