Acid base balance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Acid base balance - Essay Example This is so because the physical diagnosis of the patient showed that the man had a systematic blood pressure of 85 mm Hg/50 mm Hg. His heart rate was 175 beats per minute, his respiration was at the rate of 32 breaths per minute, and his temperature was 37.3 degrees Celcius. The arterial blood diagnosis revealed a pH of 7.23, pCO2 of 69mm Hg, O2 saturation of 88%, and the HCO3 2.2 meq per litre. The patient’s pH was 7.23. This was a clear indication that the patient was suffering from an acid-base disorder. The patient was extremely acidemic, and the acidemia appeared to be secondary towards the metabolic acidosis with a base mean observed to be excess more than 7mEq/I. This was linked to the problems with the compensation in the respiration that was insufficient to maintain the normal limits of the pH (Stewart, 2003). This is evidenced from the fact that his breathing was heavy; he had a weak and rapid pulse. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide was 31mm Hg in comparison to the normal range that is 40 mm Hg. The oxygen’s partial pressure was 69 mm Hg in comparison to the normal range, which is 90 to 100 mm Hg (Wilkes, 2008). Compensation is the regulation of acid-base imbalances in the body (Story, 2001). Different agents do exist to reversibly bind the ions of hydrogen and impede the pH change. The extracellular buffer involves agents such as ammonia and bicarbonate. The phosphate and proteins play the role of intracellular buffers. The patient’s body began compensating the disturbances in the acid base. This was done when the patient’s pressure started to be laboured and his blood testing showed increased elevation of creatine phosphokinase amounts of cardiac muscles. This showed a bicarbonate system of buffering which is normally the key since carbon dioxide was shifted by carbonic acid to the ions of hydrogen and biocarbonate. More often than not, acid base imbalances, which may overcome the system of buffer, could be compensa ted for a short time through altering the ventilation rate. This will change the carbon dioxide concentration within the blood, hence altering the body’s pH. If the body begins to compensate the disturbance in the acid base status, the blood pH will normalize. In this case, the blood pH will move towards the normal range. There are different types of acid base disturbances. The first disturbance is the mixed disorder. The existence of one derangement leads to a simple acid base disorder. It may involve alkosis and acidosis happening at the same time, hence counteracting partially with each other, or there can exist at least two conditions that may affect pH of the body. For instance, mixed acidosis involves a combination of the metabolic acidosis together with the respiratory acidosis. There is no specific arrangement as any of the arrangements is possible, except respiratory acidosis and alkalosis respiration as a person will not breathe too slowly or rather slow for the sam e time (Knaus, 2005). Other types of acid base imbalances that could lead to the increase in pH include carbon dioxide retention, non-volatile acid production from the protein metabolism and different molecules of organic, biocarbonate loss in the urine, acid and acid precursor’s intake (Figge, 2002). Those sources that may lead to the reduction of pH include hydrogen ion use in the metabolism of various organic anions and acid loss in the urine or through vomiting. Human errors are responsible for the false and incorrect results though implications of such errors are somewhat minor, non-existent, and sometimes merely lead to some inconveniences. In the context of health care, this might not necessarily be the case, given that there are increased chances of such

Writer's choice Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Writer's choice - Term Paper Example This paper focuses on the methods and tools of hunting employed by each category of man’s evolution. Supposedly, Homo habilis, Homo erectus and Neanderthal each used different methods of hunting and despite similarities in tools, each level of evolution had unique skills of using the tools (William, 47). Homo habilis it is believed to have existed 2.3 million years ago, with a brain capacity of about 650 cc. History shows that the Homo habilis fed on meat and plants. For them to survive with changes in their environments, they had to invent new ways of getting food. The inevitable need for change caused Homo habilis to invent stone tools that were used for hunting (Strada, 24). The Homo habilis, commonly referred to as the maker of crude tools, curved out round stones to obtain sharp edges. Use of the stone technique marks the beginning of an interesting use of brain by man. Historically, Homo habilis are credited for inventing tools. Homo habilis made stone cobbles which they used for hunting, and wedged stones that were used for cutting. These tools helped Homo habilis in chores like hammering, chopping and digging holes. Apparently, these chores were used for the primary purpose of making traps for animals. Actually, the Homo habilis invented tools for the sole purpose of improving hunting techniques. Most tools used by the Homo habilis were found in East Africa and parts of Asia (William, 56). Remains of Homo erectus were discovered in Indonesia, and are alleged to have existed more than 1.8 million years ago. Unlike the Homo habilis, Homo erectus had a larger brain capacity. The bigger brain would later be used to develop the element of speech. Members of the Homo erectus are credited for inventing Acheulean tools (William, 46). Similar to any other category of man’s evolution, Homo erectus also hunted animals for food but used more improved methods. For instance, use of better traps and fire commenced during the Homo erectus

Critical Evaluation Of Ifrs 3 In Relation To Clear Reporting Essay

Critical Evaluation Of Ifrs 3 In Relation To Clear Reporting Requirements For Business Combinations - Essay Example With business combination, the surviving company is provided with the immediate availability of the resources of an established enterprise. Furthermore, the union of businesses often results in better utilization of management, in addition to acquisition of new management strength and improved capital bargaining position. In addition, a business combination may be undertaken for the income tax advantages available to one or more parties to the combination. However, business combinations involve certain limitations and risks. Corporate objectives must be taken into consideration. Only those companies which have the same or compatible sets of objectives should combine. On the other hand, successful firms are usually not willing to combine. The acquiring enterprise may also inherit the acquired firm's inefficiencies and problems together with its inadequate resources. The objective of IFRS 3 is to specify the financial reporting by an entity when it undertakes a business combination. In particular, it specifies that all business combinations should be accounted for by applying the purchase method. Therefore, the acquirer recognizes the acquiree's identifiable assets. Liabilities and contingent liabilities at their fair values at the acquisition date, and also recognize goodwill, which is subsequently tested for impairment rather than mortised. (ASC, 2005) Notable words that one must take into consideration when understanding issues of business combinations are; purchase method, fair values, acquisition date and goodwill. Under purchase method of accounting the acquiree's identifiable assets and liabilities must be measured at their fair values at acquisition date. Fair value then is defined as the amount for which an asset could be exchanged, or a liability settled, between knowledgeable, willing partied in an arm's length transaction. Acquisitio n date is the date on which the acquirer effectively obtains control of the acquiree. Control is the power to govern the financial and operating policies of an entity or business so as to obtain benefits from its activities. Goodwill is a future economic benefits arising from assets that are not capable of being individually identified and separately recognized. SCOPE This IFRS does not apply to business combinations in which separate entities or businesses are brought together to form a joint venture. Joint venture is defined in IAS 31 Interest in Joint Ventures, as a contractual agreement whereby two or more parties undertake an economic activity that is subject to joint control. This IFRS does not also apply to combinations involving entities under common control, or businesses involving two or more mutual entities and a combination in which separate entities are brought together by contract alone to form a dual listed corporation. METHOD OF ACCOUNTING There are two methods for carrying out a business combination, the acquisition and the uniting of interest. Business combination is achieved by acquisition when one of the enterprises, the acquirer, obtains control over the net assets and operations of another enterprise which is the acquiree, in exchange for the transfer of

Disaster, Climate, Development Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Disaster, Climate, Development - Assignment Example Climate change’s effects will continue to be felt despite the prohibition of all greenhouse emissions related to human activity. Development policies should be put in place, to stop activities that cause harm to the environment. Numerous social pressures cause climate disasters such as drought and floods. Poor governance, manipulation of resources and corruption are all drivers. Small Island developing states are at higher risk of climate related disasters. To achieve sustainable Development, activities that result to natural disasters must be stopped. The risk of natural hazards must be put into account in order to achieve sustainable development. Natural disasters result from climate change whose effects are long-term. As a result, infectious diseases emerge and their transmission is rapid due to the many displaced people after the occurrence of natural disasters. In conclusion, trends and events that lead to environmental risks should be stooped. Conservation measures should be incorporated to avoid further destruction of the

Branding, Pricing, and Distribution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Branding, Pricing, and Distribution - Essay Example As discussed in the previous paper, the company has retail stores in the United States and Australia. Considering the current position of the Trendy Fashionista, it is better for the company to develop a unique product branding strategy to market its new light weight traveler bags. According to the unique branding strategy, only one product manufactured by the company is marketed under a particular brand. When several products are marketed under a brand (corporate branding strategy), the brand image would be affected if any of those products fails to meet quality standards or performs poorly. The unique branding strategy would prevent this situation and assist the Trendy Fashionista to promote its new product lines effectively. However the company may adopt a range branding strategy, which is a mixture of unique branding strategy and corporate branding strategy while operating in a global market context. Pricing Strategy It is a great challenge for the Trendy Fashionista to design a pricing strategy for its newly planned light weight bags because this business concept is new and therefore market uncertainty is high. In this context, it is advisable for the company to practice the price skimming strategy to deal with brand positioning effectively. Under the price skimming strategy, the marketer sets relatively higher prices for his products initially and lowers the price over time. At the initial stages of the product launching, this pricing strategy would assist the Trendy Fashionista to justify its superior product quality. In addition, this optimal pricing strategy can benefit the organization to recover its sunk costs quickly before the market competition becomes intense. As Lamb, Hair, and McDaniel (2008) point out, the major objective of price skimming strategy is to capture the consumer surplus. If this pricing strategy is executed properly, then no customer will pay less than what they are actually willing to pay (p. 600). Connection between Pricing Stra tegy and Branding Strategy The Trendy Fashionista’s price skimming strategy really supports its branding strategy. It is clear that only one product item is marketed under a brand under the unique branding strategy. While the firm adopts this branding strategy to promote its newly planned light weight bags, the customer would obtain a feeling that the company gives specific focus to this product and therefore the product will be of superior quality. In other words, this policy can assist the organization to achieve a reputed brand image and thereby make the brand easily recognizable in the market. Customer between the age of 20 and 35 are fashion-minded and hence they would be willing to pay higher prices for top quality products. In short, the price skimming strategy can benefit the organization to take greater advantages of the unique branding and hence to promote its business interests. Distribution Channel Analysis The Trendy Fashionista’s distribution channels inc lude wholesalers, distributors, retailers, catalogue sales, personal sales, and over the phone sales. Currently, the company has limited manufacturing capabilities and therefore the firm has to largely depend on offshore manufacturers. In order to address the issue, the organization plans to extend its manufacturing facilities through developing its own production plants. Undoubtedly, this practice would

Final Exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Final Exam - Essay Example It is a fact that the communication hierarchies within the organizations are comprised of long-lasting issues which might not be that strong in depth but consume a large amount of time on the part of the employees, the managers and indeed the entire organization. This is one of the main reasons why long meetings and debates are continuously held over a period of time, which essentially ransacks the entire fabric of the organization and is therefore a deterrent towards the work ethos which is spoken of highly within any organization in this day and age. What is even more interesting is the ideology that surrounds the ramifications and consequences of the manager-employee linkages, the team dynamics and lastly the communication issues within the cultural variances that exist within the workplace domains. An example that could be provided here within the communication of technical information is the one that spans a manager which is at odds with detailing an employee as per his respecti ve work regimes but the employee simply does not understand the nuances behind the technical jargon or lingo (Laroche, 2003). The employee ends up wasting a lot of time which could have been utilized somewhere else and in a better way nonetheless. Therefore such issues consume a lot of time and are wide in nature than being deep at all. 4.

Mitsubishi believes in EEO Now Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mitsubishi believes in EEO Now - Case Study Example Sexual and racial discrimination are some of the central concerns that organizations have to confront. It then appears that managing the human resources should therefore be taken as an integral aspect of the organizational performance. Equal Employment and Opportunity (EEO) created the need for organizations operating in the United States to consider abiding by the fundamental equity issues that confront the world (Heitmann 2009). The case of sexual and racial discrimination evidenced at Mitsubishi was certainly a low ground for the organization. In any case, it occurs that the company instituted several changes in the American division after the occurrence of these disheartening events. The changes that were thereby made at Mitsubishi were therefore much imperative and necessary given that they were driven by need and time. The HR management therefore did the most appropriate thing upon the launch of investigations to determine the authenticity of the claims and the extent of the whole situation. The performance of the organization is much dependent on the morale of the employees and the pride they demonstrate towards their particular jobs. If employees are disheartened on the account of the presence of discrimin ation in the organization, it certainly implies that performance will automatically be altered. The decision reached to settle the sexual harassment lawsuit is a positive connotation on the commitment of the organization toward addressing its core concerns. More importantly, Mitsubishi compensated all the workers who had complained of racial discrimination in the organization. These radical decisions serve to demonstrate the much regard that the organization bestowed upon the workers. Indeed, such a strategy became quite imperative considering that productivity of the American plant had greatly dwindled and the company’s headquarters even